

(Above) A stellar
photo spread of 14 well-known transwomen published by C*ndy
Magazine in 2014
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I started to develop this website in 1999 when I was agonising over whether to transition. It was a summary of all the information that I had collected regarding male-to-female transsexualism, now usually referred to as Gender Identity Dysphoria (GID). It may now seem very odd but most of the information initially came from library books, a few biographies that I had purchased, plus some magazine and newspaper clippings that I had collected!
Fast forward 25+ years and those
ground-breaking but time-consuming websites are sadly long gone
- replaced by thousands of social media accounts showing flattering
photos posted on Instagram and Facebook, or
AI manipulated video clips on YouTube and TikTok. The titles of these posts,
pictures and videos
are heavily focussed on getting lots of views and likes, but the content is often very benign
- or get banned!
Decades after its launch this website is now largely historical in
nature, but I hope that it contains some information that may
still be
useful, helpful, or at least an interesting read. Excluding this
opening page there have been few changes since my
sex-reassignment surgery (SRS), aka gender confirmation surgery (GCS) in
2004, although I occasionally correct obvious errors and mistakes, add
references to major news stories, and make small additions in areas of particular interest to me. I have also
removed or re-worded some pages, photos and information that would now be considered
very controversial and potentially get the site
suspended. Views and opinions about
sex and gender that were the norm
around 2000 are often no longer considered acceptable, and I apologise
where offence is still unintentionally caused.
TerminologyThe articles often use words such as transsexual and transwoman, which have largely been replaced by the term transgender. The prefix trans is a Latin noun meaning 'across', 'beyond' or 'on the opposite side'. The articles use trans in the context of people making changes to their physical characteristics (hormonal and surgery) and lifestyle to match this to their gender. A significant development since c.2014 is the use of the prefix cis, e.g., in words such as ciswomen, cisgendered and cissexual. Cis is actually another Latin term, meaning 'on this side', and is increasingly used in the context of women (usually but not always genetically XX) who were assigned a female gender at birth, and whose bodies and their personal identity have always agreed with this. It does make sense as an alternative to awkward phrases such as "genetically XY women" that I have resorted to in some articles, and I've been using this when revising text. I support the substitution of the term Gender Confirmation Surgery (GCS) for the very inaccurate term Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS) that dates to the 1950's, but some old pages and text may still use the abbreviation SRS.
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![]() The cover of the September 2019 issue of Elle featured 18-year-old Norwegian transgender model - Emma Ellingsen (right). On the left is Siri Lehland, also 18, who was on the magazines August 2018 cover with no hint that she was transgender. |
Because of the huge increase in the number of transwomen (about 1 in every 200 women has become a widely quoted ratio) they are no longer rare "freaks" that occasionally appear in an afternoon television show or a tabloid newspaper expose. Most people (particularly in younger age groups) now personally know someone who is transgender - a family member, classmate, friend, work colleague, etc. This is changing attitudes to the extent that going deep stealth after transition is no longer the goal of every transwoman who can pass convincingly as a woman.
![]() In early 2014 the 22-year-old top-100 male model Andrej Pejic had gender confirmation surgery. A year later she reappeared as a female model - Andreja. The big story is that this made no headlines and she failed to find a major media company to film her transition and GCS. A short documentary was eventually made using $60,000 of Kickstarter funding. |
Other major developments since 2000 include:
Laws recognising transwomen as women and prohibiting any discrimination based on sex or gender. [A legal case taken by Caroline Cossey in 1989 played a huge role in starting this process]
Transwomen born with a male birth certificate can legally marry as a woman in many countries. Some faiths/orders (e.g. The Church of England) will perform a religious marriage ceremony as long as the couple identify and marry as a "a man and a woman"
The acceptance by the modelling industry of transwomen as female models, e.g. Andrej (now Andreja) Pejic and Lea T
An acceptance by the medical profession of the need to treat children under age 18 with gender identity disorder - with singer Kim Petras setting a famous example
A huge shift in the median age of western transgender patients having GCS, this has dramatically moved from the early 40's to the early 20's
Medical advances - both surgical and endocrinological. The announcement of the first MTF transwoman to gestate and give birth to a baby is a case of when rather than if.
Another significant change is that in the late 20th century, Gender Identity Disorder (GID) was a condition that was primarily associated with men. Whilst transwomen still dominate public attention, there has been a quiet but dramatic explosion in the number of transmen. In 2000 male-to-female (MTF) surgical procedures out-numbered female-to male (FTM) procedures by roughly 3-to-1, by around 2017 the numbers were equal, and since 2020 many clinics have been reporting that they were performing more FTM than MTF gender confirmation operations. The transition in 2020 and subsequent FTM surgery of actor Elliot (previously Ellen) Page belatedly woke up the media to the fact that not all transgender people are transwomen. If current trends continue then by the mid-2020's there will be more post-GCS men than women, although I suspect that very few people would guess that if asked.
Going to Far?

A print screen from the website of the
Scottish Mirror
newspaper on 14 March 2023.
By the end of the 2010's the transgender bandwagon was on an immensely successful roll. For example:
It had become essential for UK government bodies and all but the smallest companies to prove their LGBT credentials by employing advisors such as Stonewall and Mermaids at considerable financial cost
The International Olympic Committee and other sporting organisations allowed transgender athletes to compete as women if they held a female passport - no medical treatment required
The NHS began avoiding using the word "woman", replacing it with the term "people who have ovaries" and suggesting that "some people" are likely to get pregnant, have a miscarriage, have an abortion, suffer from cervical cancer or have a menopause
The UK's National Health Service (NHS) purged its website and guides of words such as "mother", "breast feeding", and "breast milk", instead it used terms such as "birthing person", "chestfeeding" and "milk from the feeding parent". Many other organisations quickly followed suit.
The word "mother" became considered to be offensive:
The UK's General Medical Council
removed
the word "mother" from all of its pregnancy related publications

On 22 December 2022 the Scottish Parliament
passed the Gender Reform Bill Scotland. This allows
anyone age 16 or more to self-identify their sex for legal
purposes. The UK government blocked the legislation and
it has not yet become law, despite determined attempts by
the ruling SNP.
The Welsh government removed the word "mother" from its maternity support publications
The charity Oxfam issued guidance to its staff telling them to avoid using the word "mother" as this could offend
In 2019 the NHS published guidance that allowed "physically intact men who identify as women" to be "housed on female-only wards"
Always, a manufacturer of sanitary pads, asked a parenting website that it sponsored to remove the words "women", "girls" and "females", and similar, as these had now become controversial
Backlash

It's cheaper to provide one 'Gender neutral' mixed toilet
than separate Men's
Transwomen participating in local female sports events when they are often much taller, heavier and more muscular
Having to share female hospital wards with other patients who are physically male but possess a female Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC)
Having to
attend at work mandatory courses on subjects such as unconscious bias, gender
diversity, inclusivity and trans rights

When Adam Graham was convicted of raping two women in 2023, the Scottish
Prison Service sent him to a women-only prison as he now
self-identified as a woman, calling himself Isla Bryson. He
was not receiving any medical
treatment and
had a fully functional penis.
Female rape victims ("people with a vagina") being treated by counsellors who are pre-SRS transwomen, some without even a GRC
The disappearance of the honorific titles "Miss" and "Mrs" from forms, correspondence, and other communications
Needing to avoid using sex specific words such as "she", "female", "woman", "women", "mother" and "girl" in documents and even conversation - fundamentally changing the English language
Children under age 16 being prescribed puberty blockers and even hormones without the knowledge of their parents.
I find it difficult to strongly argue against these complaints given the increasingly negative impact of trans-activist demands on the half of the UK's population that are ciswomen.
A Legal Bomb Shell
The campaign group
For Women Scotland (FWS) bought a
case to the UK Supreme Court
case asking whether transgender people are actually legally a woman or
man based on their preferred gender. To widespread shock, on 16
April 2025 the five judges unanimously ruled "that the terms woman and
sex in the Equality Act 2010 refer to a
biological woman and biological sex".
The ruling implies that British transwomen (even with a female
Gender Recognition Certificate) many no longer be able to access
women-only spaces - ranging from all girl schools to women's toilets to
female-only hospital wards.
In my view a few trans-activists pushed the boundary too far by demanding
that physical males (even if a convicted rapist or paedophile) could
self-identify as a woman and thus be legally female without having had any
medical assessment or treatment. The very depressing result of the
ruling is that many of the more reasonable and hard-won rights of
transwomen are now being reversed, with potentially appalling consequences
for post-GCS women who have lived for years or even
decades in stealth.
It will take months and probably years for
the ruling to fully filter down, but within weeks transwomen began to be
banned from everything from women's sports to women only toilets. As
many countries use UK legal cases as admissible
precedents, the ruling has created a shockwave that is
spreading around the world. For example, a transgender Australian
netball player Caitlin Bassett was soon informed that
she could no
longer be the captain or even a member of her team. Finally ... I'm always delighted to hear from
readers, contrast experiences, and perhaps attempt to answer any
questions. I can no longer provide a convenient email link due to the
bombardment of my inbox by spammers, but my email address is shown at the
bottom of the page. Woman: Ciswoman or
Transwoman? Important
Notes:
1. I'm not a qualified medical professional and the
contents of this website are merely based upon my experience and research.
It does NOT in
any way constitute Medical Advice.
2. Please
contact me if
you are featured on this website and wish to be removed. Whilst I
will usually do this, in a few cases I have declined to act when the information or image
is clearly in the public domain.
3. Some of the images on
this website were collected from the public domain, where no copyright was
explictely stated. Re-use on this website is for non-commercial purposes
only.
4. Please don't request high quality versions of images with permission to re-use as I almost certainly can't grant this
- even if I have the image.
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Copyright: All the articles are written by myself and I claim copyright. I grant permission to reproduce for non-commercial purposes if "Annie Richards" is acknowledged as being the source. Note that I'm not the copyright holder of most of the photos and graphics. Some were supplied to me by the owner for use on this site, others I have taken from publicly available magazines, newspapers, websites, blogs, etc. Fair use for non-commercial purposes applies in these instances. Finally, I can't supply "Hi-Res" copies of images and photos, if only because many date to around 2000 when a 640x480 image was considered "Hi-Res" and a 1MP digital camera cost $500! |